Section I Reproduction by binary fission or budding
Synechococcus, Synechocystis,
Gloeobacter, Gloeocapsa, Gloeothece, Chamaesiphon
Section II Reproduction by multiple fission giving rise to small daughter cells, BAEOCYTES, or by both multiple fission and binary fission
Dermocarpa, Xenococcus, Myxosarcina,
Pleurocapsa, Chroococcidiopsis
Section III Division in only one plane
Spirulina, Oscillatoria, Lyngbya,
Plectonema, Phormidium, Pseudanabaena, Microcoleus
Section IV Division in only one plane
Anabaena, Nodularia, Cylindrospermum,
Nostoc, Scytonema, Calothrix
Section V Division in more than one plane
Fischerella, Chlorogloeopsis
G
+ C CONTENT
Section I: 35 to 71 mol% G
+ C
Section III 40 to 67 mol% G +
C
Sections II, IV and V: 38 to 47
mol% G + C
All bacteria: 29
to 74 mol% G + C
Section I 3000 to 10,000 kbp (Mean:
4450)
Section II 5100 to 7900 kbp (Mean:
6200)
Section III 4100 to 10,000 kbp
Section IV 5300 to 14,000 kbp
Section V 6000 to 8600 kbp
It has been suggested that genomes may have evolved by a series of fusions of smaller genomes (each about 2000 kbp) to form genomes containing 4000 kbp, 6000 kbp, 8000 kbp and 12,000 kbp
Unicellular, non-nitrogen fixing,
heavy capsule
Freshwater
Naturally transformable
Capable of dark heterotrophic growth
on glucose
Prefers lower light intensity, Topt
~34°C; optimum doubling time = ~12 hours
Unicellular (probably a natural
short-chain mutant of a Phormidium), non-nitrogen fixing,
light capsule
Marine/euryhaline (brackish water)
Naturally transformable
Capable of dark heterotrophic growth
on glycerol
High-light tolerant; Topt
~39°C; optimum doubling time = 3.5 hours
145 (4.6%) genes already reported
and characterized
933 (29.4%) homologs of known genes
324 (10.2%) similarity to known
genes
340 (10.8%) similarity to hypothetical
genes
1,426 (45%) no significant similarity
to any known gene
Although some evidence for operons
is observed, clustering of related genes is not very extensive.
This differs from E. coli, B. subtilis, etc. Similar
observations being made in other sequenced genomes.
Photosynthesis ~4% of genome
Gene regulation ~4% of genome (2% 2-comp.)
Insertion sequences, etc. ~3%
of genome
Sigma Factors 9 total identified 1 Group 1
4 Group 2
4 Group 3 (3 RpoE-like)
No RpoN, RpoH,
or RpoS
Twitching Motility (Type IV Pili)
and Chemotaxis genes present.
Several protein classes found in
eucaryotes (e.g., kinases, WD repeat proteins, phytochrome-like
proteins, "cyanoglobin" )
Only one set of sec genes
was found. Suggests thylakoid lumen and periplasmic space are
topographically identical. However, two LepB's and one LspA.
3 DnaKs, 2 GroELs, 4 DnaJs, 3 NifSs
Multiple ndh genes for ndhF (4) and ndhD (5)
Multiple petC genes (Rieske
Fe-S protein) (3)
Three oxidases: cydBD genes
(putative plastoquinol oxidase), and two cytochrome oxidase gene
sets; also genes with similarity to succinate dehydrogenase, fumarate
reductase, and uptake hydrogenase. 5 presumed 2Fe-2S Ferredoxins
Two DNA polymerases (Polymerases I and III).
Heterocysts
Anaerobic cells for N2
fixation
terminally differentiated cells
with a specified pattern (like a tissue)
Akinetes
Resting cells
Hormogonia
Swarmer cells for dispersal; formed upon akinete germination
66% of the H. influenzae
genes (1130 of 1703 sequences) have E. coli homologs
>50% of the H. pylori
genes (more than 800 of 1590 sequences) have hits in E. coli
51.5% of the A. aeolicus
genes (777 of 1508 sequences) have hits in E. coli (~38%
similarity on average)
25% of the A. aeolicus genes
(379 of 1508 sequences) have hits in M. jannaschii (~35%
similarity on average)
21% of the Synechocystis
sp. PCC 6803 genes (675 of 3168 sequences) have hits in E.
coli
13% of the M. jannaschii
genes have hits to E. coli (231 of 1738 sequences) have
hits in E. coli
~13% of the Synechocystis
sp. PCC 6803 genes have hits in M. jannaschii (407 of
3168)
4.3% of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae proteins (254 of 5885 sequences) have hits in E. coli